A statistical thermodynamic kinetic theory for heat transfer mechanisms is proposed based on the thermal energy conservation and statistical thermodynamics. The heat transfer theory is generally applicable to heat transfer mechanisms of non-equilibrium,quasi-equilibrium, and equilibrium. It has a close analogy to the kinetic theory of electrochemical reactions.A total system containing reactants and products is thermally isolated from its surroundings and is in thermal non-equilibrium while the two phases of reactants and products are in mechanical and chemical isolation. For the system in thermal non-equilibrium, the physical mechanisms of energy transfer can be described in terms of physical parameters in local thermodynamic equilibrium [5]. The heat flux in thermodynamic non-equilibrium is characterized by the intensive variable of temperature