However, in our test of discrimination, the colors to be judged were presented separately, with a 5-s interval in between, so the task put demands on memory as well as perception. As mentioned earlier, when memory is involved, people tend to use verbal labels, and this leads to CP effects. Thus, the improved discrimination we found may have been due to a simple learned strategy rather than a newly acquired perceptual skill. To examine this issue further, in a recent experiment we tested whether participants would show CP effects in a discrimination text that required no memory involvement because the two colors were shown simultaneously. We observed the same findings; color discrimination improved across the new category boundary only.