The study was implemented in four phases. First, we explored the generic
heuristics (Nielsen 1994) and pointed out their limitations for evaluating
the usability of MMAs. Second, we familiarized ourselves with current domain-
specific heuristic sets (Pinelle et al. 2008, Alsumait & Al-Osaimi
2009, Jaferian et al. 2011) and explored which methods were used to develop
these heuristics. The third phase was to formulate the new heuristics.
We derived the initial usability heuristics from Nielsen’s (1994) generic usability
heuristics by using a conceptual-theoretical approach suitable for the
evaluation of MMAs. A similar approach has also been used in the development
of other domain-specific usability heuristics (Alsumait & Al-Osaimi
2009, Inostroza et al. 2012).