Results
The authors designed the study presented here to examine direct and indirect effects of a variety of factors residing at different organizational levels within a school system on instructional use of technology in the classroom. To this end, the authors developed a multilevel SEM model following procedures described above. Figure 1 presents the final multilevel model for TDS. It shows the relationships between eight variables:
•• TDS
•• Teacher’s experience with technology (technology experience)
•• Beliefs about the breadth of technology’s benefits (positive technology beliefs)
•• Obstacles to integrating technology into lessons (integration obstacles)
•• Pressure relating to the use of technology (pressure)
•• Principal’s technology use (principal’s use)
•• The availability of and accountability to technology standards (technology standards)
•• Principals’ technology discretion scale (principal’s discretion)