As there are many forms of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malarial antigens (e.g., histidine-rich protein 2,Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase) now in use in endemic areas, parasitological confirmation has risen from 20% to 47% from 2005 to 2011.49 Despite this, RDTs do not have high enough negative predictive values to support withholding treatment in the presence of severe illness, and presumptive antimalarial treatment for febrile illnesses has long been recommended.