Micellar solutions are promising as novel draw solutions for the FOMBR and for brackish water desalination. Above the CMC, they offer a relatively constant osmotic pressure and water flux, which allows for control of flux. They also exhibit very lowback diffusion. The latter avoids toxic contamination of the feed in an FO-MBR, as confirmed in our previouswork
[13]. Ease of regeneration/separation fromthe diluted drawsolution by low energy techniques is an added advantage of using micellar solutions. The choice of an appropriate surfactant as draw solution may necessitate a compromise. For example, choosing a larger chain length confers a lower CMC (and hence osmotic pressure and flux), but reduces
solubility and increases Krafft temperature (so that recovery is possible closer to ambient temperature, and requires less refrigeration energy) and also reduces reverse transport. Other issues, such asmicrobial toxicity in the FOMBR, or viscosity, may also play a role. For potable water applications, the monomer separation still needs to be investigated
further, via nanofiltration. For this latter reason, it is suggested that micellar solutions would currently be most useful in FO applications such as wastewater treatment via the FOMBR, or other non-potable niche applications such as food rocessing.
Micellar solutions are promising as novel draw solutions for the FOMBR and for brackish water desalination. Above the CMC, they offer a relatively constant osmotic pressure and water flux, which allows for control of flux. They also exhibit very lowback diffusion. The latter avoids toxic contamination of the feed in an FO-MBR, as confirmed in our previouswork
[13]. Ease of regeneration/separation fromthe diluted drawsolution by low energy techniques is an added advantage of using micellar solutions. The choice of an appropriate surfactant as draw solution may necessitate a compromise. For example, choosing a larger chain length confers a lower CMC (and hence osmotic pressure and flux), but reduces
solubility and increases Krafft temperature (so that recovery is possible closer to ambient temperature, and requires less refrigeration energy) and also reduces reverse transport. Other issues, such asmicrobial toxicity in the FOMBR, or viscosity, may also play a role. For potable water applications, the monomer separation still needs to be investigated
further, via nanofiltration. For this latter reason, it is suggested that micellar solutions would currently be most useful in FO applications such as wastewater treatment via the FOMBR, or other non-potable niche applications such as food rocessing.
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