and manual labor used for driving tractors and balers and handling straw.
EC networks of the collection machines ranged from 351 to 588 MJt−1,
with the main contributions from direct and indirect energy obtained based on
diesel used (Fig. 3a–c).
GHGE ranged from 60 to 165 kg CO2-eq per
ton of collected straw, depending on the energy consumption of
the machines (Fig. 4).