Technological improvements, and manufacturing at scale, will enable FCVs to “ close the gap” in attributes and costs with conventional cars. Toyota has, for example,reportedly reduced platinum use in its FCV by more than two-thirds, from approximately 100 grams to 30 grams, through changes to the stack design and nanotechnology. These improvements resulted in a cost savings of almost $2,700 per vehicle, assuming a platinum price of $1,100 per ounce.[i] While platinum represents a comparatively tiny fraction of the FCV’s total retail cost—about three percent by some estimates—current designs nonetheless use one-fifth of the amount they did a decade ago. FCVs are also likely to benefit from the improvements made to electric motors, fuel cell stacks, and other components developed primarily for other alternative fuel vehicles