The choice of air-drying temperature was based on our pre-experiments, in which the temperature ranged from 30 to 120 C and it was found that the total phenolic acids increased as the drying temperature increased from 30 C to 60 C and decreased at temperatures >60 C, other bioactive compounds detected in this study were not sensitive to the air-drying tem- perature. After drying, samples were kept in a desiccator for 2 days to allow a homogenous distribution of moisture, the final moisture content was 10g/100 g.