The flow patterns on an impinged surface were visualized using oil film
technique while the distributions of temperature field and Nusselt number on impinged surface were evaluated
via a thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) sheet coupled with image processing technique. The experimental
results showed that the M-SIJs offered higher heat transfer rate on impinged surfaces than the M-CIJs of all
jet-to-jet distances (S/D).