Fly ash is a major waste of thermal power plants. China relies heavily on coal-fired plants for power, and approximately 1 billion tons of fly ash emissions is produced annually. However, the current utilization rate mainly of the construction, transportation, and soil improvement industries is only 40 %. The unused emissions are either stored in gray fields or discharged to rivers and lakes, resulting in land consumption and serious environmental issues. Thus, fly ash utilization has become a very important research topic