What Do We Mean by Strategy?
The new way of thinking about people and people planning that took place in
the 1960s and 1970s coincided with a new way of thinking about the role of
top managers and the nature of long-range organizational planning.
Organizations before 1980 tended to operate in relatively stable external
environments. Most of them offered a single service or product line to a clearcut
group of customers in a geographically limited sphere of operations. Planning
for changes in the external environment was less important then than coordi-