Soil compaction is a form of physical degradation resulting in the densification and distortion of the soil, which
reduces biological activity, porosity, and permeability, strength is increased and soil structure partly destroyed [33].
Soil compaction can be defined as the increase in soil bulk density with a corresponding decrease in the void ratio. It
can reduce the water infiltration capacity and increase the erosion risk by accelerating runoff. The relative amount of
compaction can be expressed in terms of bulk density, porosity, infiltration capacity, or penetrometer resistance