After inoculation, the tubes were capped and placed in water bath at 40 °C until the pH 4.5 was reached or until 24 h of fermentation. One tube of each treatment was capped with an electrode and connected to a pH meter (WTW, pH 3310, Weilheim, Germany) which recorded the temperature and the pH decrease at every 10min. Fromthe pHdecreasing
curve, it was possible to calculate the kinetic parameters of fermentation as the maximum acidification rate (Vmax), calculated as the−dpH/dt, expressed as pH units·h−1, and identified in the acidification curve, time to reach Vmax (T Vmax) inhours, final pHinpHunitsand fermentation time in hours. The fermentationwas interrupted by cooling the tubes to 5 °C in ice bath.