A bottom-up budget is also known as a self-imposed budget or participative budget. This approach, as illustrated in the left-hand column of Exhibit 10-1 all budget that is prepared with the full cooperation and, participation of managers at levels. These budgets tend to have a positive impact on employee morale because the employees' views and judgments are valued by the top management. Employees are likely to be more committed to reaching the targets as these targets are set by themselves. With a self-imposed budget, it is not possible to argue that the budget is unattainable since it is a self-formed target. A key disadvantage of this approach is tha employees tend to set easily attainable targets in order to make life easier for themselves Hence, too much "budgetary slack" or "budget padding" can occur with bottom-up budgeting. In general. managers incorporate budgetary slack by understating budgeted sales and overstating budgeted expenses. As a result, the overall targeted net income is understated and can be met more easily. Budgetary slack or budget padding can be very damaging to the organization's performance. With a slack budget, a company's performance may not be optimized as employees tend to underperform with easy targets. Top management must therefore carefully review the budgeted data prepared for them Item-by-item comparisons with industrial figures or past-year data may help to reveal budgetary slack. Therefore, this bottom-up approach of budgeting is very time consuming and involves a lot of explanations, communications and negotiations between top management and staff.