The tsunami early warning systems have been implemented
in the Indian Ocean and other ocean basins. In
the Pacific Ocean, an international tsunami warning
system was established after the 1960 Chile tsunami, and
International Coordination Group was formed under
UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.
Following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, similar groups
were formed for the Indian Ocean, for the North-eastern
Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, and for the Caribbean Sea.
In coordination with the UNESCO group, three regional
Tsunami Warning Centers were recently established in
Australia [83], India [84] and Indonesia [85]. These centers
are staffed 24 hours a day and 7 days a week to monitor
seismic activity and the possibility of a tsunami occurrence.
The warning systems rely on the most advanced seismic
and sea-level monitoring, a database of past tsunami events,
and pre-made numerical simulations. These systems can
issue tsunami warning messages typically about 5 minutes
after an earthquake.