Knowledge management tools can potentially be used to create `Gatekeepers of knowledge', who will only allow access to a privileged few, as Sir Francis Bacon said, aKnowledge itself is powero, in his `Religious Meditations, Of Heresies' (1597). Thus, knowledge may be jealously guarded, and if this is the case, then it may not be possible to utilize knowledge management tools, as this culture or environment will not be receptive to knowledge sharing. Indeed, Alavi and Leidner (1999) stated that studies on such technologies as Lotus Notes have not shown a change in information sharing and communication patterns. Rather, organizational members who tended to communicate regularly and frequently without Lotus Notes communi- cated regularly and frequently with Lotus Notes, whereas members who communicated less regularly and less frequently before the implementation of Notes continued to communicate less regularly and less frequently (Vandenbosch & Ginzberg, 1996).