of moso bamboo. The secondary cracking of primary bio-oil com
pounds by temperature and by hot char surface was not obvious
in this study. This phenomenon could be significant in the contin
uously operating pyrolysis process, because the volatiles need to
pass though more hot char particles. Biochar was the primary
product of pyrolysis. However, the by-products (bio-oil and non
condensable gas) should be planned together for utilization
because the total carbon and energy yields were both more than
50% when the pyrolysis temperature was >400 C.