Creation of Quasi-Experimental comparison sample: In
addition to using data collected as part of the RSAF project, data
for the current study came from the GAIN 2009 Summary Analytic
dataset, which is one of the largest substance use disorder
treatment datasets (N = 22,548). As described in more detail
below, this data set was used to create a matched comparison
sample that would allow us to quasi-experimentally examine
the impact of the recovery support calls. Over two-thirds of the
assessments were conducted by independent investigators,
funded by a wide range of organizations (e.g., SAMHSA/CSAT;
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National
Institute on Drug Abuse, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation), and
conducted in a variety of settings and levels of care. All data were
collected as part of general clinical practice or specific research
studies under their respective voluntary consent procedures,
and all data were subsequently de-identified and made available
for secondary analysis under the supervision of Chestnut Health
Systems’ Institutional Review Board.