A significant amount of research has been conducted
on the catalytic liquefaction of plastic. Excellent results
have been obtained from liquefaction of individual
polymers (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PPE), polystyrene
(PS), etc.) and relatively clean mixed plastic
using solid acid catalysts and metal-promoted solid acid
catalysts.6-14 For example, Venkatesh et al.13 and
Two approaches for the conversion of waste post consumer plastic (PCP) into oil have been
investigated: (1) direct liquefaction and (2) pyrolysis followed by hydprocessing of the pyrolysis
liquids. The PCPs investigated were a washed PCP provided by the American Plastic Council
(APC) and a PCP prepared by dry preparation methods provided by the Duales System
Deutschland (DSD). The DSD plastic contained significantly more ash, paper, dirt, and chlorine
than the APC plastic and is considered to be more representative of true waste PCP. Direct
liquefaction of both plastics was investigated using small additions (1-5 wt %) of a number of
different solid acid catalysts. At 445 °C, the catalytic effect on oil yields was negligible for both
plastics. Several catalysts had a significant effect on the boiling point distribution for the APC
plastic, producing lighter products, but had little or no effect for the DSD plastic. An alternative
approach of pyrolysis followed by hydprocessing the pyrolysis liquids was investigated for the
DSD plastic. Pyrolysis yields of 75-80% of relatively heavy liquids were achieved at 600 °C.
Addition of Na2CO3 to the pyrolysis reactor decreased the chlorine content of the pyrolysis liquids to 50 ppm. The boiling point distribution of the pyrolysis liquid was substantially improved (55-65% gasoline fraction) by either thermal or catalytic hydrprocessing (450 °C, 200 psig initial H2 pressure). The effect of adding 1-5% of several catalysts was relatively small, increasing the gasoline fraction over that obtained by thermal hydroprocessing by 5-10%. Addition of Na2CO3 to the hydroprocessing reactor decreases the chlorine content of the final product to a few ppm. These results indicate that pyrolysis followed by hydprocessing of the pyrolysis liquids is a good approach for true PCP that contains a significant amount of chlorine, paper and inorganic material.
A significant amount of research has been conductedon the catalytic liquefaction of plastic. Excellent resultshave been obtained from liquefaction of individualpolymers (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PPE), polystyrene(PS), etc.) and relatively clean mixed plasticusing solid acid catalysts and metal-promoted solid acidcatalysts.6-14 For example, Venkatesh et al.13 andTwo approaches for the conversion of waste post consumer plastic (PCP) into oil have beeninvestigated: (1) direct liquefaction and (2) pyrolysis followed by hydprocessing of the pyrolysisliquids. The PCPs investigated were a washed PCP provided by the American Plastic Council(APC) and a PCP prepared by dry preparation methods provided by the Duales SystemDeutschland (DSD). The DSD plastic contained significantly more ash, paper, dirt, and chlorinethan the APC plastic and is considered to be more representative of true waste PCP. Directliquefaction of both plastics was investigated using small additions (1-5 wt %) of a number ofdifferent solid acid catalysts. At 445 °C, the catalytic effect on oil yields was negligible for bothplastics. Several catalysts had a significant effect on the boiling point distribution for the APCplastic, producing lighter products, but had little or no effect for the DSD plastic. An alternativeapproach of pyrolysis followed by hydprocessing the pyrolysis liquids was investigated for theDSD plastic. Pyrolysis yields of 75-80% of relatively heavy liquids were achieved at 600 °C.Addition of Na2CO3 to the pyrolysis reactor decreased the chlorine content of the pyrolysis liquids to 50 ppm. The boiling point distribution of the pyrolysis liquid was substantially improved (55-65% gasoline fraction) by either thermal or catalytic hydrprocessing (450 °C, 200 psig initial H2 pressure). The effect of adding 1-5% of several catalysts was relatively small, increasing the gasoline fraction over that obtained by thermal hydroprocessing by 5-10%. Addition of Na2CO3 to the hydroprocessing reactor decreases the chlorine content of the final product to a few ppm. These results indicate that pyrolysis followed by hydprocessing of the pyrolysis liquids is a good approach for true PCP that contains a significant amount of chlorine, paper and inorganic material.
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