degree of old-growthness to each stand. Instead, a third category,
partial old-growth or regrowth forests with some level of oldgrowthness,
may be identified between true old-growth and
intensively managed regrowth forests, a manageable approach to
improve conservation planning (Fig. 2). The degree to which oldgrowth
forests and old-growth structures should be maintained or
restored at the landscape level is a complex, political question that
requires an assessment of the trade-offs between different
landscape values (i.e. Carey, 2003).