Measures
Exercise self-efficacy was assessed using the Self-Efficacy
to Regulate Exercise Scale.20 This scale asked participants
to respond to 18 items (eg, “I can exercise even when I am
feeling tired”) by rating their degree of confidence from 0
(cannot do at all) to 100 (highly certain can do). This scale
demonstrated adequate reliability (Chronbach’s α = .92).
Self-efficacy to consume fruits and vegetables was assessed
using the Fruit and Vegetable Self-Efficacy Scale.21
This 8-item scale asks participants to respond to statements
regarding their confidence to eat fruits and vegetables (ie,
“Eat 5 servings of fruits and vegetables everyday”) on a
Likert- type scale, from 1 (I’m sure I can’t) to 5 (I’m sure
I can). This scale demonstrated adequate reliability (Chronbach’s
α = .81).
Attitudes toward physical activity and exercise was measured
using the Exercise Attitudes Scale.22 The scale