postural stability testing neglects an important discussion of the particular biomechanical outcomes utilized during daily functional tasks, specifically anticipatory and reactive aspects of postural control.
Anticipatory aspects of postural control are processed internally when individuals prepare sensory and motor systems for postural demands based on previous experience and learning.16 Anticipatory postural adjustments occur in an “expectant” or feedforward manner prior to action of the prime mover.17 Examples of anticipatory postural con- trol actions include transitions to single limb stance18 and rise-to-toes tasks,19 as well as the initiation of gait20 and functional reach tests.18
Reactive postural control is defined by modifying sen- sory and motor systems in response to changing tasks and externally induced environmental demands.16 Contrary to anticipatory actions, reactive postural control mechanisms occur in a “compensatory” or feedback manner in response to some external perturbation.21 Models of reactive postur- al control research paradigms include sliding force plates,22 treadmill perturbation training,23 vibratory platforms,24 and trigger-release load cell devices.25
Anticipatory and reactive postural controls are utilized daily in dynamic conditions such as walking, lifting, and carrying objects. Increased variability of gait during walk- ing is associated with fall risk in older adults aged 50 to 75 years.26 Furthermore, it has been reported that delayed muscle latency responses in older persons may increase the risk of injurious falls during tasks requiring reactive postural control appropriations
postural stability testing neglects an important discussion of the particular biomechanical outcomes utilized during daily functional tasks, specifically anticipatory and reactive aspects of postural control.
Anticipatory aspects of postural control are processed internally when individuals prepare sensory and motor systems for postural demands based on previous experience and learning.16 Anticipatory postural adjustments occur in an “expectant” or feedforward manner prior to action of the prime mover.17 Examples of anticipatory postural con- trol actions include transitions to single limb stance18 and rise-to-toes tasks,19 as well as the initiation of gait20 and functional reach tests.18
Reactive postural control is defined by modifying sen- sory and motor systems in response to changing tasks and externally induced environmental demands.16 Contrary to anticipatory actions, reactive postural control mechanisms occur in a “compensatory” or feedback manner in response to some external perturbation.21 Models of reactive postur- al control research paradigms include sliding force plates,22 treadmill perturbation training,23 vibratory platforms,24 and trigger-release load cell devices.25
Anticipatory and reactive postural controls are utilized daily in dynamic conditions such as walking, lifting, and carrying objects. Increased variability of gait during walk- ing is associated with fall risk in older adults aged 50 to 75 years.26 Furthermore, it has been reported that delayed muscle latency responses in older persons may increase the risk of injurious falls during tasks requiring reactive postural control appropriations
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