This process, which isapplied without pressure, incorporates the use of ametal arc (an arc that transfers metal) which is formedbetween a covered electrode and the weld pool. Theelectrode consists of a wire core around which aconcentric mixture of silicate binders and powderedmaterials such as fluorides, carbonates, oxides, metalalloys, and cellulose is extruded. This covering serves asa source of arc stabilizers and vapors to displace air aswell as metal and slag to protect, support, and insulatethe hot weld metal