Is there an explicit research objective (s)?
If yes, is it linked to the research gap and/or question(s)
If not, how would you phrase the research objective?
Is the author(s)’ hypothesis explicitly stated?
If yes, is the hypothesis closely linked to the research question(s)?
If yes, is it a ‘research’ hypotheses or a ‘null’ hypothesis?
If not, how would you phrase the research hypothesis?
Note: hypothesis/objective may be in the Methodology section
Are the statements in Introduction supported by literature review (how many references, authoritative references