Many of the opportunities for formative assessment are evident in the course
structure: the pitch, the studio, and the presentation all provide opportunities for formal
and informal feedback and conversation. In addition to the studio-oriented formative
assessments, we also used mid-semester interviews. To prepare for this, we agreed on the
grades to be assigned each student as if it were the end of semester; these were based on
our observations and a few reflective essays. We also developed a sample application that
we expected students to be able to interpret.