Every effort should be made to preserve pulpal vitality in the immature permanent tooth to ensure continuous root development. The vast majority of TDIs occur in children and teenagers where loss of a tooth has lifetime consequences. The immature permanent tooth has considerable capacity for healing after traumatic pulp exposure, luxation injury, and root fractures. Pulp exposures secondary to TDIs are amenable to proven conservative pulp therapies that maintain vital pulp tissue and allow for continued root development (21– 24). In addition, emerging therapies have demonstrated the ability to revascularize/regenerate vital tissue in canals of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps (25–30). Teeth frequently sustain a combination of several injuries. Studies have demonstrated that crown-fractured teeth with or without pulp exposure and associated luxation injury experience a greater frequency of pulp necrosis (31). The mature permanent tooth that sustains a severe TDI after which pulp necrosis is anticipated is amenable to preventive pulpectomy as root development is substantially com- pleted.