The design of questionnaires
The survey that was used in this study refers primarily to the
“The Influences toward Macau after the Opening of Casino” ques-
tionnaire, which was designed by the Macau Youth Research As-
sociation and General Association of Chinese Students in Macau.
The questionnaire is divided into three parts. The first part,
which has a total of three questions (“Have you been to a casino for
gambling?”, “What are your attitudes toward gambling?” and
“Would you like to work in the gaming industry?”), inquires about
the survey respondents' attitudes toward and participation in
gambling. The second part asks about the survey respondents'
opinions regarding the influence and impacts of casino gambling
openings based on three different aspects, namely social, economic,
and environmental, with 12 questions listed for each aspect. This
part of the study uses the seven-point Likert scale, in which higher
points refer to higher degrees of recognition. The third part asks
about the basic information of the survey respondents and has a
total of seven questions that refer to the following aspects: gender,
age, degree of education, marital status, duration of residency,
occupation, and monthly salary.
Although both Macau and Singapore governments currently
regulate that only persons 21 years of age and above are eligible to
enter the casino premises, the regulation in Macau was 19 years of
age and above before October 2012. Therefore, in the initial design
of this study, the target population of survey sampling was set to
the Chinese residents in Macau and Singapore that were 19 years of
age and above. After finishing the design of this research ques-
tionnaire, this research utilized the convenient sampling approach
to collect 60 copies of the designed questionnaire from the research
subjects as a pilot test in February 2013, and the researchers then
used an independent t-test to analyze the second part of the scales.
The results of the independent t-test showed that all of the
designed questions reached the levels of significance that were
necessary for discrimination. Furthermore, this study applied
Cronbach's alpha to measure the result of internal reliability.
Cooper and Schindler (2003) suggested that a value of Cronbach's
Coefficient alpha greater than .8 indicates that high reliability.
Because the values of Cronbach's Coefficient alpha in this study
were .886 for Macau and .848 for Singapore, the questionnaire used
in this study is internally reliable. To access the validity of the study,
the KaisereMeyereOlkin (KMO) was used. The validity of this
questionnaire was found to be in the acceptable range, with KMO
values of .840 for Macau and .777 for Singapore, which indicate
high construct validity (Kaiser, 1974).