Tipping is then largely driven by socio-cultural norms and/or individual consicence. In relation to tourism and hospitality we should recognize that some workers are in a position to enhance basic wages form tips,but this is only true for those in tipped positions. Even for those in tipped positions it should also be acknowledged that tips are notoriously unpredictable. Lynn (2001;and see also Lynn,2003) conducted a meta-analysis of a number of studies which had examined the relationship between restaurant tipping and service quality and found a weak relationship. Consequently, for many front-line staff tipping may be more influenced by external factors such as the race and gender of the customer, prevailing weather conditions or even the result of football or rugby matches that are played near the restaurent (Ogbonna and Harris,2002)