Detecting, real-time monitoring and early warning of underground water-bearing structures are critically
important issues in prevention and mitigation of water inrush hazards in underground engineering.
Direct current (DC) resistivity method is a widely used method for routine detection, advanced detection
and real-time monitoring of water-bearing structures, due to its high sensitivity to groundwater. In this
study, the DC resistivity method applied to underground engineering is reviewed and discussed,
including the observation mode, multiple inversions, and real-time monitoring. It is shown that a priori
information constrained inversion is desirable to reduce the non-uniqueness of inversion, with which the
accuracy of detection can be significantly improved. The focused resistivity method is prospective for
advanced detection; with this method, the flanking interference can be reduced and the detection distance
is increased subsequently. The time-lapse resistivity inversion method is suitable for the regions
with continuous conductivity changes, and it can be used to monitor water inrush in those regions. Based
on above-mentioned features of various methods in terms of benefits and limitations, we propose a
three-dimensional (3D) induced polarization method characterized with multi-electrode array, and
introduce it into tunnels and mines combining with real-time monitoring with time-lapse inversion and
cross-hole resistivity method. At last, the prospective applications of DC resistivity method are discussed
as follows: (1) available advanced detection technology and instrument in tunnel excavated by tunnel
boring machine (TBM), (2) high-resolution detection method in holes, (3) four-dimensional (4D)
monitoring technology for water inrush sources, and (4) estimation of water volume in water-bearing
structures