About 25% of meat from beef carcases produces consistently tender primal meat cuts, leaving a large proportion of the remainder of the carcase muscles as low-value cuts. Some of these muscles, which may be tough because of high connective tissue contents or from coldshortening during rigor development, might be suitable for value-adding, particularly those muscles that are of suitable size and shape to be sold as steaks. The ability to sell low-value meat with assured tenderness, packaged as convenient, ready-to-heat products, with extended shelf life, would be of great benefit to the in- dustry. High pressure processing (HPP), which is commercially available in many countries , has the potential to be of benefit for value-adding and tenderisation. Not only has HPP been used to extend the shelf life of ready-to-eat foods through destruction of micro-organisms, and inhibition of endog- enous enzymic activities that lead to loss of quality , but also it has successfully been used to modify functionality of muscle protein systems as in emulsion-type products