These
terms characterize germination types with the cotyledons
remaining in the testa or escaping from it during germination.
Since in monocots the cotyledon is usually partly
inside and partly outside the seed, these terms are hardly
applicable to their seedlings. Only seedlings from endospermless
seeds could be regarded as phanerocotylar after
shedding the empty seed coat (Fig. 2A, D).
remote vs. admote (Martius, 1823). These terms were introduced
to describe palm seedlings. In the case of remote germination,
a non-haustorial part of the cotyledonary
hyperphyll creates some distance between the seed or
fruit and the sheath (apocole) (Figs 2F–H and 3). In the
case of admote germination, the hyperphyll is completely
haustorial and does not undergo elongation, the cotyledonary
sheath developing adjacent to the seed or fruit (Fig. 2E
and I). In these cases the short connecting part between the
sheath and haustorium that passes the seed coat or fruit wall
does not require a term of its own, and it should not be