Introduction
FVWs possess the potential to be processed through the use of selected microorganisms into a wide range of value added products. Green house gas emission and waste disposal problems further encourages the bioprocessing of FVWs to achieve zero- waste economy. Advances in microbial biotechnology in the last few decades have built an avenue towards the successful application of FVWs into high ended products like enzymes and organic acids. Genetic engineering through protoplast fusion and recombinant DNA technology has been considered as a unique application to incorporate the genes of interest to the microbial genome for overproduction of superior biological products in terms of quality and quantity. Although experiments related to the production of superior biological products from FVWs have been proved efficient but most of the research findings are confined to laboratory scale and needs to be translated into larger platforms. Interdisciplinary research combining biotechnology, microbiology, chemical engineering, computer engineering and mechanical engineering is needful to transfer the laboratory scale research into industrial scale. Studies should address the costing and economics of the production procedure and the cost of the final product per unit. Data related to genomes of important microorganisms are already documented but data mining of the genomes of novel extremophiles could provide better scopes for detecting valuable genes and use them in bio-refinery process. It is inevitable to use the present knowledge of bioprocessing of FVWs and to overcome the hindrances for scaling up the process to produce superior products such as enzymes and organic acids.