IBM controlled two-thirds of the computing market by 1975, when the introduction of the MITS Altair 8800 became the first practical PC on the market. It used an Intel chip and software designed by a new company called Microsoft (Freiberger 8: Swaine, 2000). An assembled box started at $600, or $2,500 in current dollars. A year later, Apple demonstrated its first computer-which, unlike the Altair, came with a keyboard. The company's Apple II machine hit the market in 1977, and the company made half of the world's PC sales within three years. The early 1980s were marked by a Babel of personal computing formats, but a standard emerged after the August 1981 arrival of the IBM PC. The machine was powered by an Intel chip and MS-DOS (Microsoft-Disk Operating
System), the programs that manage all other programs in a computer
(Campbell-Kelly &; Aspray,1996)