Table 5 places the results for smoking mothers in context by showing estimates of the differential effects of CO on other subsets of mothers who may be vulnerable to poor birth outcomes.
Since some demographic groups are fairly small, differential effects were estimated using the full sample of births and interacting the vector of pollution measures with the relevant characteristic of the mother.
For example, column 1 of Table 5 is based on the same regression as column 3 in Table 2 except that the three pollution
measures are also interacted with an indicator for whether the mother was 19 years or younger at the time of birth.
Only the estimates on these interactions are shown, as the “main effects” (the estimates that apply to the rest of the sample) are generally comparable to those shown in the main specification (column 3, Table 2).
The point estimates are substantially larger for very young and very old mothers and for births that had other risk factors.
However,there do not seem to be stronger negative effects of pollution on African-American, less educated, or low income mothers.
Along with the results for smokers, these estimates suggest that infants at higher risk of poor outcomes for other biological reasons face higher risks from pollution.
Table 5 places the results for smoking mothers in context by showing estimates of the differential effects of CO on other subsets of mothers who may be vulnerable to poor birth outcomes.
Since some demographic groups are fairly small, differential effects were estimated using the full sample of births and interacting the vector of pollution measures with the relevant characteristic of the mother.
For example, column 1 of Table 5 is based on the same regression as column 3 in Table 2 except that the three pollution
measures are also interacted with an indicator for whether the mother was 19 years or younger at the time of birth.
Only the estimates on these interactions are shown, as the “main effects” (the estimates that apply to the rest of the sample) are generally comparable to those shown in the main specification (column 3, Table 2).
The point estimates are substantially larger for very young and very old mothers and for births that had other risk factors.
However,there do not seem to be stronger negative effects of pollution on African-American, less educated, or low income mothers.
Along with the results for smokers, these estimates suggest that infants at higher risk of poor outcomes for other biological reasons face higher risks from pollution.
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