Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Simple (present perfect tense + common aspect)
- Affirmative: Subject + have/ has + Past Participle (3rd Form of the Verb)
I/ You/ We/ They have finished the letter.
He/ She has finished the letter.
- Negative: Subject + haven’t (have not)/ hasn’t (has not) + Past Participle
I/ You/ We/ They haven’t finished the letter.
He/ She hasn’t finished the letter.
- Interrogative: Question Word + have/ has + Past Participle
Have I/ you/we/ they finished the letter?
Has he/she finished the letter?
1. Action with a result:
- Sorry, I‘ve parked at the wrong place. I haven’t parked at the wrong place. Have I parked at the wrong place?
- You‘ve (already) printed the letters. You haven’t printed the letters (yet). Have you printed the letters (yet)?
- We‘ve (already) done the rooms. We haven’t done the rooms yet. Have we done the rooms (yet)?
- He has already repaired the lawn-mower. He hasn’t repaired the lawn-mower yet. Has he repaired the lawn-mower yet?
2. Action in incomplete time:
- Our friends have visited us four times this summer. Our friends haven’t visited us this summer. How many times have our friends visited us this summer?
- I‘ve been to the cinema a lot lately. I haven’t been to the cinema lately. Have I been to the cinema lately?
- You‘ve been on holiday this year. You haven’t been on holiday this year. Have you been on holiday this year?
3. Action in the past without saying when:
- Jane has already been to Italy. Jane has never been to Italy. Has Jane ever been to Italy?
- You have already swum in this lake. You haven’t swum in this lake yet. Have you ever swum in this lake?
- You‘ve been to the hairdresser’s. You haven’t been to the hairdresser’s. Where have you been?
4. Action beginning in the past and still continuing:
- The Simpsons have lived here for eight years. The Simpsons haven’t lived here for long. How long have the Simpsons lived here?
- He has driven a car since 2002. He hasn’t driven a car since 2002. Has he driven a car since 2002?
- You‘ve worked here for two years. You haven’t worked here for two years. How long have you worked here?