The final difference in the origins of the crises in Asia and Europe is that the Europeans were
unprepared to deal with their crises, in particular, in the face of their substantially higher degree of
economic and fi nancial integration. Th e lack of European preparedness included an absence of institutions 14
experienced at managing crises for a group of countries bound together in a monetary union. Th is
institutional weakness, which was not relevant in Asia, where countries were on their own, came on top
of the fact that a substantial number of the European countries had stock and/or fl ow fi scal problems that
meant that they were substantially less well positioned to deal with their own problems even if they could
have ignored spillover and contagion effects, which they could not. Although the individual Asian countries
were the source and recipients of substantial contagion from their neighbors, they were not closely locked
together economically and fi nancially, the Philippines in particular, and subsequently benefi ted from the
fact that they did not need to coordinate closely their respective crisis responses
The final difference in the origins of the crises in Asia and Europe is that the Europeans were
unprepared to deal with their crises, in particular, in the face of their substantially higher degree of
economic and fi nancial integration. Th e lack of European preparedness included an absence of institutions 14
experienced at managing crises for a group of countries bound together in a monetary union. Th is
institutional weakness, which was not relevant in Asia, where countries were on their own, came on top
of the fact that a substantial number of the European countries had stock and/or fl ow fi scal problems that
meant that they were substantially less well positioned to deal with their own problems even if they could
have ignored spillover and contagion effects, which they could not. Although the individual Asian countries
were the source and recipients of substantial contagion from their neighbors, they were not closely locked
together economically and fi nancially, the Philippines in particular, and subsequently benefi ted from the
fact that they did not need to coordinate closely their respective crisis responses
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