The 4 groups did not differ significantly in clinical characteristics. At day 3 analysis,
249 patients remained in the study. Among patients without pneumonia at baseline, pneumonia
developed in 24% (CPIS ≥6) by day 3 in those treated with chlorhexidine. When data on all
patients were analyzed together, mixed models analysis indicated no effect of either chlorhexidine
(P = .29) or toothbrushing (P = .95). However, chlorhexidine significantly reduced the incidence
of pneumonia on day 3 (CPIS ≥6) among patients who had CPIS