2.2. Product category, online shopping experience, and perceived risks
Consumers tend to rely on different information sources to confirm product quality and enhance the likelihood of satisfaction when purchasing different types of products. They differ in their preferences for online and traditional outlets based on the varied importance associated with different product attributes [Levin et al. 2003 and 2005]. Thus, researchers propose that online products can be categorized by whether their dominant product attributes are digital or non-digital [Biswas and Biswas 2004; Lal and Sarvary 1999]. Digital products, defined as “all product attributes can be communicated through the Internet” [Lal and Sarvary 1999, p. 487], have less inherent product risk in the online channel than non-digital products that may require physical inspection of the product [Lal and Sarvary 1999]. Levin et al. [2003 and 2005] find that consumers place greater value on the ability to touch and inspect apparel products and thus prefer traditional stores for apparel shopping. In contrast, consumers place greater value on immediate access to product related information when purchasing product such as computer software and therefore, prefer shopping online for digital products. In sum, shoppers may perceive a relatively high level of product risk associated with purchasing non-digital products (e.g., apparel), as opposed to digital products (e.g., MP3 files) online. Shoppers feel greater product risk for buying apparel products online due to: (1) the inability to fully examine apparel products’ attributes online, and (2) substantial variations in the characteristics of apparel products (e.g., sizing, color, style, fabric). Biswas and Biswas [2004] also find that consumers report more concerns with purchasing products abundant with non-digital attributes online than in a store. The inconclusive findings regarding impact of specific perceived risk dimensions on online purchase intentions and behaviors may be explained by previous research failure to account for the effect of product category. In sum, there are limited empirical findings regarding whether online shoppers’ risk perceptions vary between digital and non-digital products.
2.2 ประเภทผลิตภัณฑ์ ประสบการณ์การช็อปปิ้งออนไลน์ และความเสี่ยงที่รับรู้ Consumers tend to rely on different information sources to confirm product quality and enhance the likelihood of satisfaction when purchasing different types of products. They differ in their preferences for online and traditional outlets based on the varied importance associated with different product attributes [Levin et al. 2003 and 2005]. Thus, researchers propose that online products can be categorized by whether their dominant product attributes are digital or non-digital [Biswas and Biswas 2004; Lal and Sarvary 1999]. Digital products, defined as “all product attributes can be communicated through the Internet” [Lal and Sarvary 1999, p. 487], have less inherent product risk in the online channel than non-digital products that may require physical inspection of the product [Lal and Sarvary 1999]. Levin et al. [2003 and 2005] find that consumers place greater value on the ability to touch and inspect apparel products and thus prefer traditional stores for apparel shopping. In contrast, consumers place greater value on immediate access to product related information when purchasing product such as computer software and therefore, prefer shopping online for digital products. In sum, shoppers may perceive a relatively high level of product risk associated with purchasing non-digital products (e.g., apparel), as opposed to digital products (e.g., MP3 files) online. Shoppers feel greater product risk for buying apparel products online due to: (1) the inability to fully examine apparel products’ attributes online, and (2) substantial variations in the characteristics of apparel products (e.g., sizing, color, style, fabric). Biswas and Biswas [2004] also find that consumers report more concerns with purchasing products abundant with non-digital attributes online than in a store. The inconclusive findings regarding impact of specific perceived risk dimensions on online purchase intentions and behaviors may be explained by previous research failure to account for the effect of product category. In sum, there are limited empirical findings regarding whether online shoppers’ risk perceptions vary between digital and non-digital products.
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