2. Related Mathematical Theories
2.1 Extended Discrete-Fourier Transform
Extended Discrete Fourier Transform or EDFT algorithm produces N-point DFT of sequence X (input data) where N is greater than the length of input data. Unlike the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), where unknown readings outside of X are zero-padded, the EDFT algorithm for calculation of the DFT using only available data and the extended frequency set (therefore, named 'Extended DFT'). The EDFT is one of signal processing techniques which has been mainly adopted from DFT in order to use it with a limitation of a signal input. The EDFT can increase frequency resolution. Because it is well known that zero-padding do not increase frequency resolution by DFT technique, therefore the resolution of the FFT algorithm is limited at N for all frequencies, while EDFT is able to increase the resolution on some frequencies and decrease on others. The EDFT can estimate amplitudes and phases of sinusoidal components in sequence X. the EDFT can be separated for continuous and discrete frequency. The calculation of the EDTFT for continuous frequency can be shown as [13]