Air pollution and global warming are two of the greatest threats
to human and animal health and political stability. Energy
insecurity and rising prices of conventional energy sources are
also major threats to economic and political stability. Many
alternatives to conventional energy sources have been proposed,
but analyses of such options have been limited in breadth and
depth. The purpose of this paper is to review several major
proposed solutions to these problems with respect to multiple
externalities of each option. With such information, policy
makers can make better decisions about supporting various
options. Otherwise, market forces alone will drive decisions
that may result in little benefit to climate, air pollution, or
energy–security problems