Top management did not adequately plan for the IS upgrade and did not involve non-IS employees in the process. In addition, through lack of direction or control, top management has allowed the IS group to change not only information systems but also operating systems and procedures without operating management approval. Further, there appears to be a lack of concern by IS over the problems the new systems have created for operating management. A new computer system was purchased and a new IS team was hired; however, top management failed to win the confidence of current operating management who are accustomed to a more decentralized approach.