A jet of an auxiliary inert gas (Ar) was used to prevent the synthesized nanoparticles from oxidation on one hand and to direct the particles to the substrate on the other hand.
The laser beam was kept in relative movement with respect to the metallic plate at a scanning speed of 100 mm/s for 10 min.
Nanoparticle formationwas detected visually by the change of water colour from colour-less to yellowish.