The work of six major theorists has been briefly examined in this chapter and the intention has been to highlight some of the similarities and some the differences between them. Illeris's work is the most comprehensive as a theory of learning. although the others all emphasize different elements in the learning process, which is one of the strengths of Illeris's map of learning theorists' and their differing position Both consider the sociocultural milieu to be a significant Freire and Mezirow factor in the learning process, in. common with the model presented earl although they treat culture in rather different ways: Freire ha two cultures model of society whereas Mezirow is content to regard it as rather static and homogeneous. The process of reflection plays a significant part in the work of a number of these theorists, since they recognize that human beings a able to sift and evaluate the external stimuli received from their experiences. Experiential learning is quite central to all of the writers' considerations, since they recognize that the adult learns most effectively when the learning process is in response to a disjunctural situation a problem or a need. All of the writers, with the exception of Gagné, have placed considerable emphasis on the self and, although it most exemplified in the works of Knowles and Rogers, it reflects the humanistic concerns of adult education. Even so, it is a much more debatable point as to whether the aims of education should be specified in terms of the development of the learner, because the success of the educational process is then being evaluated by non-educational criteria. The cognitive dimension of the learning process is insufficiently emphasized in some instances while in others the practical and the emotional are under- played. The emphases that different writers put upon different elements of learning point to the need for a more comprehensive and integrated theory of learning, rather more like that offered earlier in this book. Most of the theorists focus upon the human need to learn, Rogers being the most explicit about it being basic to humanity, but none of them except Illeris sought to incorporate it into such a comprehensive theory of learning. Mezirow and Freire have both developed theoretical perspectives.
The work of six major theorists has been briefly examined in this chapter and the intention has been to highlight some of the similarities and some the differences between them. Illeris's work is the most comprehensive as a theory of learning. although the others all emphasize different elements in the learning process, which is one of the strengths of Illeris's map of learning theorists' and their differing position Both consider the sociocultural milieu to be a significant Freire and Mezirow factor in the learning process, in. common with the model presented earl although they treat culture in rather different ways: Freire ha two cultures model of society whereas Mezirow is content to regard it as rather static and homogeneous. The process of reflection plays a significant part in the work of a number of these theorists, since they recognize that human beings a able to sift and evaluate the external stimuli received from their experiences. Experiential learning is quite central to all of the writers' considerations, since they recognize that the adult learns most effectively when the learning process is in response to a disjunctural situation a problem or a need. All of the writers, with the exception of Gagné, have placed considerable emphasis on the self and, although it most exemplified in the works of Knowles and Rogers, it reflects the humanistic concerns of adult education. Even so, it is a much more debatable point as to whether the aims of education should be specified in terms of the development of the learner, because the success of the educational process is then being evaluated by non-educational criteria. The cognitive dimension of the learning process is insufficiently emphasized in some instances while in others the practical and the emotional are under- played. The emphases that different writers put upon different elements of learning point to the need for a more comprehensive and integrated theory of learning, rather more like that offered earlier in this book. Most of the theorists focus upon the human need to learn, Rogers being the most explicit about it being basic to humanity, but none of them except Illeris sought to incorporate it into such a comprehensive theory of learning. Mezirow and Freire have both developed theoretical perspectives.
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