Egg shell-CaO-900-600, Egg shell-CaO-900 and commercial
CaO were employed for biodiesel production via transesterifi-
cation of waste frying oil. The reaction was performed with a
5 wt% catalyst (based on oil weight), methanol/oil ratio of
12:1, a reaction temperature of 65 C and a reaction time of
1 h. Commercial CaO produced a biodiesel conversion of
67.57% and Egg shell-CaO-900 produced a biodiesel converFigure
1 SEM image of the Egg shell-CaO-900-600. sion of 79.62%. However under these conditions, Eggshell-CaO-900-600 exhibited the greatest catalytic activity and
produced a high biodiesel conversion of 94.52%. The conversion
of triglycerides to fatty acid methyl esters catalyzed by
Egg shell-CaO-900-600 was analyzed using 1
H NMR and it
is shown in Fig. 3. The characteristic peaks of methoxy protons
as a singlet at 3.672 ppm and a-methylene protons as a
triplet at 2.31 ppm were observed. These two peaks are the distinct
peaks for the confirmation of methyl esters [12]. The
other peaks observed were at 0.876 ppm, due to terminal
methyl protons, a strong signal at 1.312 ppm arises from the
methylene proton of carbon chain, a multiplet at 1.6 ppm related
to b carbonyl methylene protons, and a signal at
5.352 ppm due to olefinic hydrogen [18]. The percentage conversion
of triglycerides to methyl esters using Eq. (1) was
found to be 94.52%