. Redesign the roles and processes performed in the supply chain (e.g., reduce the
number of parties involved, reallocate roles such as inventory control, and
eliminate non-value-adding activities such as stock keeping).
. Reduce lead times (e.g., implement information and communication technology
(ICT) systems for information exchange and decision support, increase
manufacturing flexibility or reallocate facilities).
. Create information transparency (e.g., establish an information exchange
infrastructure in the supply chain and exchange information on demand/
supply/inventory or work-in-process, standardise product coding).
. Synchronise logistical processes with consumer demand (e.g., increase frequencies
of production and delivery processes, decrease lot sizes).
. Coordinate and simplify logistical decisions in the supply chain (e.g., coordinate
lot sizes, consolidate goods flows, eliminate human interventions, introduce
product standardisation and modularisation).