In this section, we consider planning and control within the focal firm (intra company) and then between firms in the supply chain (inter-company). The model used is based on that developed within manufacturing firms, since it is the best developed. An excellent text, which goes into detail on most of the issues discussed in this section, is Vollman et al (2005) – included in the ‘reference’ section at the end of this chapter. We conclude with the implications for planning and controlling the supply chain as a whole.