Background
Growing nationalist movements in early 20th century. Especially influence of China’s 1911 revolution.
World War II
- France defeated by Germany, Japan invades Indochina (1940).
French administration remains, loyal to Vichy France, but controlled by Japanese.
Vietnamese nationalists saw Emperor Bao Dai cooperate with French, now with Japanese.
1945, Japan removes French, takes direct control of Indochina.