The pikas are one of the most ancient groups of the placental mammals (Gureev 1964, Ivanitskaya 1989, Lopatin and Aver’yanov 2008, Rose et al. 2008). The morphological criteria of species diagnosis were ascertained for many described Ochotona species. The pikas have rather distinct interspecific differentiation of karyotypes (2n=38-68) that helps to solve controversial taxonomic issues. Most species have stable karyotypes without geographic variability and intrapopulation polymorphism. However, two chromosomal forms of uncertain taxonomic rank were revealed for alpina group.