Diabetes
● Lymphoedema/chronic oedema,
primary or secondary
● Insect bites
● Skin trauma/ulcers
● Blistering disorders – bullous
pemphigoid, bullous impetigo
● Animal bites
● Skin rash – venous stasis eczema,
athlete’s foot (tinea pedis)
● Dry skin
● Pregnancy
● Obesity
● Burns
● Recent surgery
● Immunodeficiency (cancer, kidney and
liver disease, peripheral vascular disease)
● Immunosuppressive drugs
● Intravenous drug misuse
● Alcoholism